Before I delve into the subject of Aurangzeb's jizya tax, or taxing the non-Muslims, it is worthwhile to point out that jizya is nothing more than a war tax which was collected only from able-bodied young non-Muslim male citizens living in a Muslim country who did not want to volunteer for the defense of the country. That is, no such tax was collected from non-Muslims who volunteered to defend the country. This tax was not collected from women, and neither from immature males nor from disabled or old male citizens. For payment of such taxes, it became incumbent upon the Muslim government to protect the life, property and wealth of its non-Muslim citizens. If for any reason the government failed to protect its citizens, especially during a war, the taxable amount was returned. It should be pointed out here that zakat (2.5% of savings) and ushr (10% of agricultural products) were collected from all Muslims, who owned some wealth (beyond a certain minimum, called nisab). They also paid sadaqah, fitrah, and khums. None of these were collected from any non-Muslim. As a matter of fact, the per capita collection from Muslims was several fold that of non-Muslims. Further to Auranzeb's credit is his abolition of a lot of taxes, although this fact is not usually mentioned.
Book 19, Number 4294 states that Muhammad commanded his military leaders to demand jizya from non-Muslims if they refused to accept Islam, and to fight them if they refused to pay.
Al-Muwatta
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Book 17, Number 17.24.46 states that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz relieved those who converted to Islam from paying jizya. It also gives the sunnah on those who must pay jizya, principally non-Muslim males who have reached puberty, rather than zakat, as zakat is for the purpose of purifying Muslims, whereas jizya is for the purpose of humbling non-Muslims. It also outlines the additional jizya travelling traders must pay, and the rationale for that.
Al-Muwatta
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Book 17, Number 17.24.44 states that Umar ibn al-Khattab imposed a jizya tax of four dinars on those living where gold was the currency, and forty dirhams on those living where silver was the currency. As well, they had to "provide for the Muslims and receive them as guests for three days".
Al-Zamakhshari
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, a Mutazili author of one of the standard commentaries on the Quran,[21] said that "the Jizyah shall be taken from them with belittlement and humiliation. The dhimmi shall come in person, walking not riding. When he pays, he shall stand, while the tax collector sits. The collector shall seize him by the scruff of the neck, shake him, and say "Pay the Jizyah!" and when he pays it he shall be slapped on the nape of the neck."[21]
Al-Mawardi (the famous Shafi%u2019i jurist of Baghdad)
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, stated in al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah (The Laws of Islamic Governance) that jizya is paid by the enemy in return for peace, and if the payment of jizya ceases, then jihad is resumed.[9]
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi's Chapter Introductions to the Quran :
states that Muslims were enjoined to tolerate the misguidance of non-Muslims only to the extent that they might have the freedom to remain misguided if they chose to be so provided that they paid Jizyah as a sign of their subjugation to the Islamic State."[20]
Abu Yusuf, an eighth century Hanafi jurist
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states in his Kitab al-Kharaj that The wali [governor of a province] is not allowed to exempt any Christian, Jew, Magian, Sabean, or Samaritan from paying the tax, and no one can obtain a partial reduction. It is illegal for one to be exempted and another not, because their lives and possessions are spared only on account of the payment of the jizya.[22
Javed Ahmed Ghamidi
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writes in Mizan that certain directives of the Qur%u2019n were specific only to Muhammad against peoples of his times, besides other directives, the compaign involved asking the polytheists of Arabia for submission to Islam as a condition for exoneration and the others for jizya and submission to the political authority of the Muslims for exemption from death punishment and for military protection as the dhimmis of the Muslims.[24][25]
he protests the practice of summarily appropriating livestock from dhimmis; he states that livestock should only be taken as jizya. In Book 17, Number 17.24.46, he states that the sunnah is that jizya is only taken from male dhimmis and Zoroastrians who have reached puberty. Jizya is imposed on non-Muslim "People of the Book" to humble them.
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold forbidden that which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.[9]
The last word subdued in arabic is 'SAGHIROON' which means
"subject of Islam or, more accurately, as a member of an inferior social class"
Yusuf Ali: Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
Pickthal: Fight against such of those who have been given the Scripture as believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, and forbid not that which Allah hath forbidden by His messenger, and follow not the Religion of Truth, until they pay the tribute readily, being brought low.
Shakir: Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.
Sura 9:29
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stipulates that jizya be exacted from non-Muslims as a condition required for jihad to cease. Failure to pay the jizya could result in the pledge of protection of a dhimmi's life and property becoming void, with the dhimmi facing the alternatives of conversion, enslavement or death (or imprisonment, as advocated by Abu Yusuf, the chief qadi %u2014 religious judge %u2014 of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid).
Ibn Kathir on Sura 9:29,
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writes that dhimmis must be:
disgraced, humiliated and belittled. Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of the dhimma or elevate them above Muslims, for they [dhimmis] are miserable, disgraced, and humiliated.[107]
(Al-Suyuti's tafsir on Sura 9:29)[117]
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Saaghiruuna means] submissively%u2026 by coercion%u2026 [%u2019an yadin means] directly, not trusting the trickery of an intermediary%u2026 by force%u2026 without resistance%u2026 in an unpraiseworthy manner%u2026 while you stand [and the dhimmi] sits with the whip in front of you [you take] the money while he has dirt on his head.
Muhammad (Sahih Muslim 26:5389), Hasan al-Kafrawi, an 18th century scholar
"if you [Muslims] encounter one of them [dhimmis] on the road, push him into the narrowest and tightest spot".[120]
Sahih Bukhari
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Volume 4, Book 53, Number 386 states that Muhammad commanded Al-Mughira and his army to fight non-Muslims until they worshiped Allah alone or gave jizya.
RE:SUPPORT FOR JIZIYA IN ISLAMS HOLY BOOKS
by wada pav on Mar 25, 2007 12:07 AM Permalink
So its clear that this horrible and degrading practice is well supported by islams holy books
RE:SUPPORT FOR JIZIYA IN ISLAMS HOLY BOOKS
by rafiuddin farooqui on Mar 25, 2007 12:35 AM Permalink
Read my articles then decide what is good and what is bad. I know there are 1000 of sites against Islam and Muslims distorted truth, fabrication, anti-Islam and anti-muslim. Are you a scholar. Then Shut your mouth. I can paste the whole book of OH YOU HINDU AWAKE. I have in CD I can paste here whole book. But no use. You listen hate monger the Truth Will stand and darkness will go away. This is the rule. You lost the game. Cry Cry and try.
RE:RE:SUPPORT FOR JIZIYA IN ISLAMS HOLY BOOKS
by rafiuddin farooqui on Mar 25, 2007 12:35 AM Permalink
Read my articles then decide what is good and what is bad. I know there are 1000 of sites against Islam and Muslims distorted truth, fabrication, anti-Islam and anti-muslim. Are you a scholar. Then Shut your mouth. I can paste the whole book of OH YOU HINDU AWAKE. I have in CD I can paste here whole book. But no use. You listen hate monger the Truth Will stand and darkness will go away. This is the rule. You lost the game. Cry Cry and try.
RE:SUPPORT FOR JIZIYA IN ISLAMS HOLY BOOKS
by wada pav on Mar 25, 2007 01:42 AM Permalink
I u think any of the verse is fabricated or wrongly interpreted, feel free to correct me and provide the right interpretation..
i dont think they have been wronly interpreted, as the english translation is not mine,but done by reputed muslim scholars...
I can understand why u are panicking,because finally the lies of ur religion r being exposed.
1.The collector remains seated and the infidel remains standing%u2026, his head bowed and his back bent. The infidel must place money on the scales, while the collector holds him by his beard and strikes him on both cheeks.(Al-Nawawi)
2.Following this [the handing over of the jizya payment] the emir will strike the dhimmi on the neck with his fist; a man will stand near the emir to chase away the dhimmi in haste; then a second and a third will come forward to suffer the same treatment as well as all those to follow. All [Muslims] will be admitted to enjoy this spectacle. (Ahmad al-Dardi al-Adawi)[114]
3.On the day of payment they [the dhimmis] shall be assembled in a public place %u2026 They should be standing there waiting in the lowest and dirtiest place. The acting officials representing the law shall be placed above them and shall adopt a threatening attitude so that it seems to them, as well as to the others, that our object is to degrade them by pretending to take their possessions. They will realize that we are doing them a favor in accepting from them the jizya and letting them go free. They then shall be dragged one by one for the exacting of payment. When paying, the dhimmi will receive a blow and will be thrown aside so that he will think that he has escaped the sword through this. This is the way that the friends of the Lord, of the first and last generations, will act toward their infidel enemies, for might belongs to Allah, to His Prophet, and to the believers. (Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Maghili)[115
4.The dhimmis posture during the collection of the jizya %u2013 [lowering themselves] by walking on their hands, reluctantly; on the authority of Ibn %u2019Abbas (al Tabari).[116
RE:PROCEDURE OF COLLECTING JIZIYA
by rafiuddin farooqui on Mar 25, 2007 12:42 AM Permalink
Fools talk Fools, you cannot expect they will say something good or reasonable. The Caste System is fit to your Home. Caste System is abolished. It is in the dustbin. Go and search hope it is good for your family.
JIZIYA is not a tax as many people think .its a set of around 20 restrictions to be imposed on non-muslim subjects in a country occupied by muslims.
the terms were set by caliph umar when he invaded egypt and subjugated christians and jews.
in india, jiziya was applied to Hindus , sikhs, buddhist and jains.. those who pay jiziya are called Dhimmi which means subjugated , miserable , inferior.
the terms of jiziya are as follows..
1. Display of non-Muslim religious symbols was prohibited on buildings and on clothing.
2. Loud prayers were forbidden.
3. Dhimmis were prohibited from proselytizing.they were also forbidden from preventing a dhimmi from being converted to islam.
4. Dhimnmis were prohibited fromn publishing or sale of non-Muslim religious literature and a ban on teaching the Qur%u2019an.
5. Dhimmis had to bury their dead without loud lamentations and prayers.
6. Dhimmis were not to rebuild or repair destroyed temples.
7. Dhimmi testimony and oaths were not valid against Muslims.On the other hand, Muslims could testify against Dhimmis.
8. Dhimmis had no right to bear arms of any kind.
9. Dhimmis were forbidden to ride horses or camels; they were only allowed to ride donkeys.
10.Dhimmis could not to build houses higher than those of Muslims.
11.Dhimmi man could not marry a Muslim woman.
12.Dhimmis had to build their houses away from muslim localities.
13.Dhimmis had to wear distinctive clothing.
14.Dhimmis had to bow their heads to every muslim on the street.
14.Dhimmis had to invite Muslims to all their private meetings.
15.Muslim travellers would be allowed to stay in Temples of Dhimmis.Dhimmis would provide food and entertainment.
16.If Dhimmi is unable to pay tax ,then he would be punished,including confiscation of women.
17.Dhimmis could not practice their religion outside their homes.
18.Dhimmis has to pay 50% to 70% of their income or agricultural produce to the state.
19.Muslim can inherit from a dhimmi, while a dhimmi cannot inherit anything from a Muslim.
20.Dhimmis who travel on business would have to pay additional tax.
RE:WHAT EXACTLY IS JIZIYA ? PLEASE ALLOW ME TO EXPLAIN
by wada pav on Mar 25, 2007 12:09 AM Permalink
Now tell me is caste system not 100 times better than this institutionalised slavery ?
RE:WHAT EXACTLY IS JIZIYA ? PLEASE ALLOW ME TO EXPLAIN
by rafiuddin farooqui on Mar 25, 2007 12:46 AM Permalink
Jizya is paid not to join or serve in the army. Jizya was collected from the eligible young man who did not want to join army. If join the army then there is no jizya and he will get all arms to protect his country. You DT's how can I teach you.
The true face of Islam is being revealed in Iraq, Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan and Bangladesh, where modern aurangzebs are at work. later on sunnis would say ours is a religion of peace. if it was not there would not have been so many shias to kill or hindus or christians like bob woolmer
RE:Real Agenda of Jihadi Ekalavya
by Ekalavyan on Mar 25, 2007 09:18 AM Permalink
bast*ard your father ans your grandfather are Jihadis. Your head is filled with Mulsim Shi*t!!
RE:Real Agenda of Jihadi Ekalavya
by Ekalavyan on Mar 25, 2007 04:35 PM Permalink
So called Hindus(?) are already divided; i need not. serpent and mongoose cannot be put into a single cage. We Dalits and obC's want total separation from Brahmin led upper caste Hindus.
You were and are even today free to start your own religion or join a religion of your liking and that is the greatness of the religion you are talking bad about.
Is your grandpa stopping you from changing your religion or is the Government reservations.
After the torture and death of Chhatrapati Sambhai Maharaj , the valiant son of Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj ,Maratha confederacy was thrown in a disarray.
He was succeeded as leader of the Marathas by his younger brother Rajaram.
The Commander in chief of Maratha army, Mhaloji Ghorpade, who succeeded Hambirrao Mohite, died in the ambush at Sangameshwar.
A few days after Sambhaji's death, the capital Raigad fell to the Mughals and Sambhaji's wife and son were captured.
However, Sambhaji's single heroic death unleashed an unprecedented unity and heroic spirit among the Marathas.
Aurangzeb continued his grim war against the Marathas for another 18 years but could not destroy the Maratha state.
Aurangzeb spent the last 25 years of his life in the Deccan, in constant warfare to subjugate the Marathas. He died in 1707, right in Maharashtra, something Marathis still take pride in.
The torture to death of Sambhaji became a rallying call for Maratha resistance and the regalvanization and spread of the Maratha empire after Aurangzeb.
The Marathas eventually managed to create the Maratha Empire in India after their struggle with Aurganzeb ended. In 1737, within 50 years of the torture and death of Sambhaji, Maratha armies entered Delhi and had re-established Hindu rule over all of western, central and much of northern India.
It was the first time after 1192, when Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated by Mohammed Ghori, that a Hindu army was in control of Delhi. The Maratha empire would remain the foremost military power in India till they lost power to the British after 3 anglo-maratha wars, the last of which ended in 1818..
In early 1689, Sambhaji called his commanders for a strategic meeting at Sangameshwar in Konkan. In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji Shirke and Aurangzeb's commander, Mukarrab Khan attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was about to leave the town. A small ambush followed and Sambhaji was captured by Mughal troops. He and his advisor, Kavi Kalash were taken to Bahadurgad. Aurangzeb humiliated them by parading them wearing clown's clothes. Later, Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were tied upside down to camels with Mughal soldiers throwing stones, mud, and cow dung at them.
When they were brought face to face with Aurangzeb, the latter offered to let Sambhaji live if he surrendered all the Maratha forts, and converted to Islam. Sambhaji refused to convert to Islam, and instead sang praises of Mahadev. Aurangzeb ordered him and Kavi Kalash to be tortured to death. Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were brutally tortured for over 40 days. The torture involved plucking of eyes, pulling out nails, scraping out large pieces of skin and dismemberment. Sambhaji succumbed to the cruel torture and was beheaded on March 11, 1689 near the confluence of the Bheema and Indrayani rivers at Tulapur near Pune. Despite the torture, [Sambhaji]] refused to convert to Islam. In so doing he earned the title of Dharmaveer by which he is known to this day. Aurangzeb ordered to cut Sambhaji's body into pieces and throw it into river water. Residents of nearby village named 'Vadhu' collected as many pieces of his body as they found, sewed them together and performed the final rites on his body. These villagers later went on to use the surname 'Shivale', which means sewing in the Marathi language
