Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold forbidden that which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.[9]
The last word subdued in arabic is 'SAGHIROON' which means
"subject of Islam or, more accurately, as a member of an inferior social class"
Yusuf Ali: Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
Pickthal: Fight against such of those who have been given the Scripture as believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, and forbid not that which Allah hath forbidden by His messenger, and follow not the Religion of Truth, until they pay the tribute readily, being brought low.
Shakir: Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.
Sura 9:29
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stipulates that jizya be exacted from non-Muslims as a condition required for jihad to cease. Failure to pay the jizya could result in the pledge of protection of a dhimmi's life and property becoming void, with the dhimmi facing the alternatives of conversion, enslavement or death (or imprisonment, as advocated by Abu Yusuf, the chief qadi %u2014 religious judge %u2014 of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid).
Ibn Kathir on Sura 9:29,
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writes that dhimmis must be:
disgraced, humiliated and belittled. Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of the dhimma or elevate them above Muslims, for they [dhimmis] are miserable, disgraced, and humiliated.[107]
(Al-Suyuti's tafsir on Sura 9:29)[117]
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Saaghiruuna means] submissively%u2026 by coercion%u2026 [%u2019an yadin means] directly, not trusting the trickery of an intermediary%u2026 by force%u2026 without resistance%u2026 in an unpraiseworthy manner%u2026 while you stand [and the dhimmi] sits with the whip in front of you [you take] the money while he has dirt on his head.
Muhammad (Sahih Muslim 26:5389), Hasan al-Kafrawi, an 18th century scholar
"if you [Muslims] encounter one of them [dhimmis] on the road, push him into the narrowest and tightest spot".[120]
Sahih Bukhari
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Volume 4, Book 53, Number 386 states that Muhammad commanded Al-Mughira and his army to fight non-Muslims until they worshiped Allah alone or gave jizya.
