The Soviet Union gave enrichment plant to India after 1974. India can enrich uranium to the level so that nuclear explosion would be possible. The Soviet Union for the last 30 years, when USA was sleeping, did very advanced research and development and that was the reason it can develop Fast Breeder Reactors on a commerical scale, which USA has not yet done. The Soviet Union also gave the Fast Breeder Reactors, which can produce Plutonium, which can be used directly to produce nuclear weapons. That is the reason USA now wants India to sign 123 Treaty so that USA and IAEA can control the Fast Breeder Reactors, Enrichment plants and Reprocessing plants, so that India cannot make any nuclear weapons. Unfortunately Man Mohan, as an agent of USA, is trying to fool India. Pakistan got its nuclear weapons from China many years ago. China got it from Israel, Germany and France with the full approval of USA. Because USA wanted to set up China against the Soviet Union. CIA knew that Khan was getting (not stealing because it was approved at the highest level)nuclear weapons technology from Holland and China, but said nothing. Now go and sign 123 Treaty and be a slave of both Pakistan and China.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 07, 2008 11:03 AM Permalink
Bose, I am still waiting for your references about Russia supplying enrichment plants to India. What are your credible sources and references? If you don't have any, admit so.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 11:13 AM Permalink
Everything to India after 1974, regarding nuclear sector, came from the Soviet Union, as the West has imposed sanctions. India has not developed anything at all regarding nuclear, space, missiles etc. look at DRDO, has it developed anything at all? It is the more true about nuclear sector.
RE:RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 11:15 AM Permalink
Fast Breeder Reactor cannot work without any enrichment plant. FBR was supplied ( it is not yet commissioned) by the Soviet Union and Russia. Nothing at all came from any other sources since 1974.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 11:58 AM Permalink
However, Khan was wrong. India got all these supports from the Soviet union and russia legitimately in the same way China got it from Germany, France, Isreal; UK got it from USA; Isreal got it from USA; France got it from USA; South africa got it from Isreal, France and Germany, and so on. Pakistan certainly got it from China and Holland; it has not developed anything at all.
RE:RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 12:58 PM Permalink
"During Russian President Vladimir Putin's two-day trip to India, Russian and Indian nuclear officials signed a memorandum of understanding on the construction of four additional one-gigawatt nuclear reactors at the Koodankulam plant in Tamil Nadu, where Russia's Atomstroyexport is already building two units. The memo said that Russian contractors would construct still more reactors at unspecified new sites. Indian Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) official Baldev Raj, director of the Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, told reporters on Jan. 31 that India will simultaneously build four 500 MW fast breeder reactors. Two of them will be based in Kalpakkam, where the prototype fast breeder reactor of 500 MW capacity will go critical in 2010. The 20 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, in operation for 20 years, is located there. The location of the other two 500 MW reactors has not been decided yet"
( This article appears in the February 9, 2007 issue of Executive Intelligence Review)
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 08, 2008 09:13 AM Permalink
in 1993, Yeltsin gave the technology of Russian BN-600 fast breeder reactor to both China and India. BARC claimed that it has developed a new type of FBR with Thorium as fuel, but that technology was also developed earlier in the Soviet Union. However, all these were not smuggling, but legitimate open contracts.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 07, 2008 01:20 PM Permalink
Bose, now you are spinning and dancing around. Where is the reference and sources to show that Russia supplied India with enrichment plant to make nuclear grade fuel?
Yes, the russians are building the Kundankual nuclear plant and giving training for the Indian operators. But, the fast breeder reactor program is entirely an indigenous Indian program and was first built in Kalpakkam. Don't twist facts and propagate lies.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 03:08 PM Permalink
The Russian BN-600 fast breeder reactor uses uranium oxide fuel, some enriched to over 20%, and the sodium coolant delivers 550°C at little more than atmospheric pressure. Russia plans to reconfigure the BN-600 to burn the plutonium from its military stockpiles and extend its life beyond the 30 year design span.
India has started construction of a 500 MWe prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam fuelled with uranium-plutonium oxide (the reactor-grade Pu coming from its existing PHWRs)
Both Russian and Indian FBR have exactly same technology.
Noone said that Indian missiles came from Russia ( and Soviet Union), until by a slip of tongue Narasimha Rao in the Parliament said that it has started coming from the Soviet Union since 1989.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 07, 2008 12:22 PM Permalink
"Kudankulam is not a typical construction site. It has a second important mission as a university where Indian specialists are getting unique knowledge, mastering the construction of light-water reactors. Russian high-level professionals are the professors at this university"
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 07, 2008 12:10 PM Permalink
Bose, you keep on parroting your ruskie song. Provide us credible references and sources to prove your claim that Russia supplied enrichment plants and fast breeder reactors. If can't, stop your lies and commie propaganda.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 07, 2008 09:53 AM Permalink
I agree with you that the US and CIA indirectly "helped" the pakis acquire nukes. The Khan thievery from Urenco in Holland was known to the CIA, but the US stopped the Danes from arresting xerox Khan.
On Russia providing India with enrichment plant, I think you must be mistaken. I have never read any reports that Russia provided this. What are your sources and reference?
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 08, 2008 12:52 AM Permalink
Bose, stop the spin and beating around the bush.
You said two things in specific:
1) Russia supplied india with enrichment plant to process bomb grade concetrations.
2) Russia supplied India fast breeder technology.
You have not yet given us any credible references or sources to support your claims. All you have given on fast breeder is some vague similarities in the technology. You are stunningly silent on your claim on russia supplying enrichment plants to make bomb grade material.
RE:RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 08, 2008 09:22 AM Permalink
Without Enrichment plant, FBR cannot work, because it needs highly enriched Uranium or Uranium mixed with Plutonium ( has to be produced in an enrichment plant) or Uranium-Thorium mixed ( again have to be produced in enrichment plant) in the First cycle. In the second cycle FBR produces more than enough plutonium, which can be used as fuel and nuclear weapons. Thus, from the second and particularly from thirs cycle FBR is self-sifficient; that is the beauty of FBR as opposed to American style Uranium based plants which needs continuous uranium fuel. Russia gave India in 1993 ( and to China) exactly the same FBR it has used commercially( the first one in the world) in USSR along with Enrichment plants( otherwise it would not work). The design of the Kalapakkam FBR plant is exactly the same as the Russian BN-600 fast breeder reactor. Before that after 1974, USSR gave India the Heavy Water Plants as well, so that India became self sufficient.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 08, 2008 10:23 AM Permalink
Bose, You are still beatig around the bush. Show references that Russia supplied enrichment plant to enrich to bomb concentrations. That was your claim on your previous (original) post. You are not addressing that, but you are bein evasive.
Give references to show that India got fast breeder technology for our indigenous fast breeder program. The FBR program is indigenous and first developed in the kalpakkam pilot reactor. Then our people wanted to instal another one in Kundamkualam. There is no report that claims (except yourself) that Russia gave that technology to India.
If you can't give credible references and sources, admit that you either lied or made a mistake.
RE:Who is our friend?
by Dipak Bose on Jun 08, 2008 10:31 AM Permalink
I already gave references which said clearly about the similarity of designs and availability of those technology. India has not designed FBRs at all, all these came in 1993. Other plants came since 1974. Of course it is not possible for anyone to show you the photocopy of the contracts signed between India and the USSR.
RE:RE:RE:Who is our friend?
by Virgo on Jun 08, 2008 12:31 PM Permalink
What similrity? That the use of sodium for cooling. All the similarities that you talk about have been published information that have been available since the 1960\'s. In fact, the russian fast breeder uses exactly the same technology that the US fast breeder program used in the late 1950\'s and 1960\'s. The US shut it down as the uranium technology was a lot cheaper and because the FBR poses a lot of safety and environmental problem. So, using your logic we can say that India is using US technology as the Russian FBR technology still uses the 1950\'s US and French technologies.
India (IGARC) built the tiny 13MWe test reactor in Kalpakkam as a part/relult of its indigenous FBR development program. Based on the success of this program, IGARC is now building a 500MWe pilot reactor at Kalpakkam. If Russia gave all the technology, then what was the need to start with a mini test reactor and then taking the trouble to scaleup to the 500MWe reactor?
You have not given us any credible reference that points to Russia supplying the FBR technology to India. Neither have you given and supporting refeence to your first claim that Russia supplied enrichment plant for bomb grade.
