What prevents us from going on with our own research with thorium? If we treat the deal as only a temporary measure to get more nuclear energy for civilian purposes and free our meagure resources of uranium for military use, it would make perfect sense for India. Also the act states that the nuclear waste should not be returned to USA. That serves India well too- the nuclear waste can probably be used in fast breeder reactors in ways developed by Indian scientists to national benefit. Signing the deal will buy us time to develop and perfect our thorium use technologies, in event of a later clampdown by the US/NSG.