The trajectory of Muslim state is now familiar. It remains unstable till it becomes religious; after it becomes religious it remains unstable till it becomes theocratic; after it becomes theocratic, it threatens its neighbours, both Muslim and non-Muslim alike and is attacked by international armies under Chapter seven of UN Charter. The Caliphate of Afghanistan was attacked in 2001 but Pakistan saved itself by betraying its client, the Taliban and ducking out of the conflict. Now the Imamate of Iran may be about to be attacked.
