Khan was put under house arrest and the authorities introduced nuclear export control measures that conformed with International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines. However, several aspects of the Khan case remain unresolved, leaving lingering concerns about nuclear control and safety. The majority of individuals involved in the illicit transfer of nuclear weapons technologies (in Pakistan and Europe) have not been prosecuted successfully, making the possible re-emergence of a similar network a pressing concern.
Moreover, many reject the theory that Khan was a 'rogue element' operating on his own (as asserted by Musharraf in his memoirs). They contend that Khan -- who recently defeated the deeply unpopular Musharraf in a series of in mock presidential elections by up to 99% of the vote -- could not have functioned without some level of cooperation by Pakistani military personnel and intelligence services.
Their suspicions were fuelled by perceptions that his treatment by the authorities was lenient, and by the refusal of Pakistani authorities to grant US officials and Congress access to him. Safety concerns are particularly acute in the context of serious political instability and extremist violence that has raised the prospect of a split within the military -- which has effectively had direct control of the nuclear programme since 1977 (and the fall of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto). Civil-military tensions, weak and unstable political institutions and flawed decision-making processes
