My man, I know what M$ is doing in India. Like I said doing visual J development is not 'core work'. Neither is adding features to vista. Nor is developing some tools for use in microsoft. And I dont really think you understand what I mean by fundamental research... Just giving some numbers dont mean anything. What real work has come out of any of the institutes you have mentioned. What real breakthrough has happened at these places - how many product companies have these places spun off. Very few - and these dont do well commercially or in research. Dont simply reel some rankings which mean nothing...