A male dog and be responsible for fathering many litters of puppies! Even if the survival rate of the puppies is 2 per litter, it still contributes to the stray dog problem!
Neutering of males eliminates their urge to fight and win control of any area and keeps them in check. Which in turn keeps the population in check!
In exceptional cases, the local municipality needs to use strongarm tactics and overcome the pressure imposed by animal rights activists and animal lovwrs groups! For Eg. a stray dog that has bitten once is liable to do it again, such dogs and rabid ones need to be put to sleep!